My gaming PC is working again. I spent about $165 total on a new power supply, a new hard drive, and a SATA adapter. The computer is better than it was before since the power supply outputs 650 watts vs. 460 watts. That means the power supply runs cooler; it also has a much larger fan. My 3.5″ drive is fairly old, coming from a previous PC. It also runs extremely hot. The 2.5″ drive is much cooler and quieter. Overall, the PC now runs cooler, and I can tell the fan speeds are lower too.

This is the drive I purchased. Interestingly, I bought the same drive four years ago when I first got the PC. There was a tiny 256GB SSD included, and I added the (now broken) 2TB drive and purchased the smaller 2TB drive to hold games. Hopefully after the latest fix, the computer will last a few more years.