Shit.
It seems that a dead or removed battery will severely impact the performance of a MacBook. I replaced the battery in my MacBook Air about two years ago, but it is not charging and is sitting at 1% charge.

From the drop-down status, the battery is still normal, but is not charging. I downloaded another app that said the replacement battery only when through 17 charging cycles. That means the battery is still new. I am not sure what to do now. I cannot get the MacBook to start charging the battery, and replacing the battery likely will not solve the problem. I did a complete factory reset on the computer, so it is not a virus or other malware. The CPU throttling makes the computer useless since everything takes at least ten times longer to process. I also do not want to purchase another computer when the ten-year old MacBook was running fine just a few months ago.